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Awareness weeks guide

National Diabetes Week

National Diabetes Week

July 9 - July 15

Diabetes Australia launched National Diabetes Week in 2015 at the Lightwell in Federation Square, Melbourne, highlighting that three out of four people substantially underestimate the prevalence of diabetes in our community. Diabetes Australia is calling on all Australians to support the campaign and help to raise awareness of diabetes during National Diabetes Week. Diabetes Australia

Diabetes: Australian facts (AIHW)

Change the future: saving lives by better detecting diabetes related kidney disease (Diabetes Australia)

UpToDate

Complications

Diagnosis - Adults

Diagnosis – Paediatrics

Gestational Diabetes

Treatment

Cochrane Library

Diagnosis, prognosis and prevention

Treatment – general

Treatment – ophthalmology

Treatment – Podiatry

Treatment - Renal

Articles

Diagnosis

Gestational diabetes

Mental health

Research

Treatment

E-books

E-journals

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Articles

Diagnosis

Distinguishing between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
What you need to know

  • In patients with new onset hyperglycaemia where the type of diabetes is ambiguous, diabetes specific autoantibodies are the diagnostic test of choice to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
  • Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes who are over 40 and respond well to oral anti-hyperglycaemic therapy do not need to undergo testing to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
  • Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is not recommended as a diagnostic test for patients with possible or suspected type 1 diabetes because it may not reflect a recent rapid rise in blood glucose and results take longer than with serum glucose testing

BMJ 11 August 2020

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward pre-diabetes among the public, patients with pre-diabetes and healthcare professionals: a systematic review
The prevalence of pre-diabetes is increasing globally, affecting an estimated 552 million people by 2030. While lifestyle interventions are the first line of defense against progression toward diabetes, information on barriers toward pre-diabetes management and how to overcome these barriers are scarce. This systematic review describes the publics’ and healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward pre-diabetes and determines the barriers toward pre-diabetes management.  BMJ Open Diabetic research and care 15 February 2023

Efficient prediction of early-stage diabetes using XGBoost classifier with random forest feature selection technique
Diabetes is one of the most common and serious diseases affecting human health. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent or delay complications related to diabetes. An automated diabetes detection system assists physicians in the early diagnosis of the disease and reduces complications by providing fast and precise results. This study aims to introduce a technique based on a combination of multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and XGBoost (XG) to diagnose diabetes from questionnaire data. Multimedia tools and applications 28 March 2023

Development of machine learning models to predict gestational diabetes risk in the first half of pregnancy
The principal findings of our study are: Early prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) within early stages of pregnancy using regular examinations/exams; the development and optimization of twelve different machine learning (ML) models and their hyperparameters to achieve the highest prediction performance; a novel data augmentation method is proposed to allow reaching excellent GDM prediction results with various models. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 23 June 2023

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Gestational diabetes

Primary care management post gestational diabetes in Australia
Screening for diabetes and hyperlipidaemia was suboptimal in this high-risk cohort of women with prior GD. Improved messaging that women with a GD diagnosis are at high cardiovascular risk may improve subsequent screening. Internal medicine journal 8 May 2023

Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes
What you need to know

  • Gestational diabetes may affect up to 30% of pregnancies, depending on the population, screening strategy and diagnostic criteria
  • Screening and diagnosis, with subsequent treatment of gestational diabetes after 24 weeks’ gestation, reduces maternal, fetal, and newborn complications
  • In the absence of international consensus, offer screening and diagnosis using local hospital, national, or international guidelines, taking into account available resources
  • Women who have experienced gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and are therefore a key group for targeted diabetes prevention support

BMJ 2 May 2023

GDM care re-imagined: Maternal and neonatal outcomes following a major model of care change for gestational diabetes mellitus at a large metropolitan hospital
This pragmatic service redesign demonstrates reassuring clinical outcomes in a culturally diverse gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cohort. Despite the lack of randomisation, this intervention has potential generalisability for GDM care and important key learnings for service redesign in the digital era. Australian and New Zealand journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 26 April 2023

Cardiovascular risk management following gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a narrative review
Summary

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension and preeclampsia) are strong independent risk predictors for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) specific to women.
  • Awareness of the relationship between pregnancy‐related risk factors and CVD needs improvement among both women and clinicians.
  • Education of patients and their health care providers is urgently needed to ensure preventive measures are implemented across a woman's lifespan to care for the health of women affected by these conditions.
  • Few interventions have been developed or studied which are designed to lower CVD risk in women with pregnancy‐related risk factors.
  • Future work should focus on developing interventions that are tailored together with individual communities and integrated within health care systems, ensuring each health care provider's role is clearly outlined to effectively prevent and manage CVD in these high risk women.

MJA 8 May 2023

Modifiable risk factors and long term risk of type 2 diabetes among individuals with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort study
Among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, each additional optimal modifiable factor was associated with an incrementally lower risk of type 2 diabetes. These associations were seen even among individuals who were overweight/obese or were at greater genetic susceptibility. BMJ 21 September 2022

Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risks of overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases that cannot be solely attributed to conventional cardiovascular risk factors or subsequent diabetes. BMJ 21 September 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
When adjusted for confounders, gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with pregnancy complications. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the adverse outcomes of pregnancy related to gestational diabetes mellitus. Future primary studies should routinely consider adjusting for a more complete set of prognostic factors. BMJ 25 September 2022

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Mental health

Gestational diabetes mellitus and its impact on the mother-infant relationship: A cohort study in the postnatal period
Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of poor perinatal mental health outcomes. However, the association between GDM and the mother–infant relationship is unclear. This study aimed to examine whether GDM itself impacts the mother–infant relationship and maternal mental health using a cohort study design. Preventive medicine reports 2 June 2023

Managing the psychosocial impact of type 1 diabetes in young people
What you need to know

  • Adolescent and young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience higher rates of psychological distress, periods of burnout, and feelings of being unable to cope with the daily burden of living with diabetes, compared with those who are diagnosed as adults
  • Family, peer, and psychological support and education on living with diabetes can help to reduce distress and improve management of diabetes and wellbeing
  • Consider using psychological screening assessment tools at diagnosis and annually, and developing appropriate local referral pathways to ensure adequate mental health support
  • Psychological and behavioural interventions, such as solution focused therapy, coping skills training, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, or family centred interventions aimed at supporting the emotional wellbeing and mental health of people with T1D have shown significant improvements in quality of life and overall management of diabetes

BMJ 4 April 2022

Diabetes and mental health
The diagnosis and management of diabetes can be a significant life stressor for individuals and their families, and may be associated with challenges regarding illness acceptance and treatment participation. Addressing concerns regarding illness beliefs and participation in treatment recommendations can be helpful. Canadian journal of diabetes 4 June 2023

Impact of treatment modalities on quality of life and depression in type 2 diabetes
According to these findings, any treatment modality's success in T2DM patients primarily depends on psychological support and preventive measures that promote and maintain mental health. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 27 June 2023

Psychological variables and lifestyle in children with type1 diabetes and their parents: A systematic review
Diabetes may impact physical and psychosocial well-being; the diabetes incidence has seen a drastic increase globally. There is also a rise in poor mental health and well-being in children with and without chronic illness; problems are being seen at a younger age. The objective of this review was to understand the determinants of these problems in a family context. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry 30 May 2023

Diabetes-related shame among people with type 2 diabetes: an internet-based cross-sectional study
Among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related shame was associated with diabetes-specific emotional distress and low psychological well-being. Further research and care development are needed to address diabetes-related shame and improve the quality of life of people with diabetes. BMJ open diabetes research and care 13 December 2022

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Research

Shifts in Diabetes health literacy policy and practice in Australia—Promoting organisational health literacy
Improving organisational health literacy ensures people can navigate, understand and use essential health information and services. However, systematic reviews have identified limited evidence for practical approaches to implementing such organisational change, particularly at a national level. This study aimed to (a) investigate the approach taken by an Australian national diabetes organisation—Diabetes Australia, as the administrator of the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS)—to improve organisational health literacy over a 15-year-period and (b) examine the impact of organisational changes on the health literacy demands of health information. International journal of environmental research and public health 10 May 2023

Perceptions of Australians with diabetes-related foot disease on requirements for effective secondary prevention
People with diabetes-related foot disease (DFD) require improved access to offloading footwear and education about secondary prevention, which could be provided by telehealth with adequate support. The Australian journal of rural health 24 April 2023

Habitual physical activity of people with or at risk of Diabetes-related foot complications
Regular physical activity is an important component of diabetes management. However, there are limited data on the habitual physical activity of people with or at risk of diabetes-related foot complications. The aim of this study was to describe the habitual physical activity of people with or at risk of diabetes-related foot complications in regional Australia. Sensors 22 June 2023

Beverage consumption and mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort study
Individual beverages showed divergent associations with all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes. Higher intake of SSBs was associated with higher all cause mortality and CVD incidence and mortality, whereas intakes of coffee, tea, plain water, and low fat milk were inversely associated with all cause mortality. These findings emphasize the potential role of healthy choices of beverages in managing the risk of CVD and premature death overall in adults with type 2 diabetes. BMJ 19 April 2023

Denosumab and incidence of type 2 diabetes among adults with osteoporosis: population based cohort study
In this population based study, denosumab use was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with oral bisphosphonate use in adults with osteoporosis. This study provides evidence at a population level that denosumab may have added benefits for glucose metabolism compared with oral bisphosphonates. BMJ 18 April 2023

Global burden of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults, 1990-2019: systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Early onset type 2 diabetes is a growing global health problem in adolescents and young adults, especially in countries with a low-middle and middle sociodemographic index. A greater disease burden in women aged <30 years was found. Specific measures are needed in countries with different levels of socioeconomic development because of the variable attributable risk factors for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults. BMJ 7 December 2022

Novel antihyperglycaemic drugs and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations among patients with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study
In this population based study, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of severe exacerbations compared with sulfonylureas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors were not clearly associated with a decreased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. BMJ 1 November 2022

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Treatment

Duration and effectiveness of glucose-lowering regimens in the real world management of diabetes: Data from the Australian EXTEND45 Linked Cohort Study
Therapeutic intensity for diabetes has remained stable over 9 years. Whilst there was considerable variability in persistence with glucose lowering regimens, the mean duration of all regimens was less than a year. Requirement for higher intensity treatment with insulin was related to poorer glycemic control. Endocrine and metabolic science 9 June 2023

Outcomes and experiences of families with children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pumps through subsidised pump access programs in Western Australia
Children with T1D who commenced insulin pump therapy on subsidised pathways maintained glycaemic control for two years, and families favored pumps as a management option. However, financial limitations persist as a significant barrier to procure and continue pump therapy. Pathways for access need to be assessed and advocated. Frontiers in endocrinology 8 June 2023

Management of type 2 diabetes in young adults aged 18–30 years: ADS/ADEA/APEG consensus statement
In response to the growing number of young adults with type 2 diabetes, this first Australian consensus statement on its management provides advice for health care professionals in areas where current guidance, focused largely on older adults, may not be appropriate or relevant. Where applicable, recommendations are harmonised with current national guidance for individuals younger than 18 years of age.7 Despite a growing understanding of the excess risks and the more aggressive phenotype of type 2 diabetes in young adults compared with older adults, there is still a great need to develop a rigorous evidence base for young adults with type 2 diabetes. This will further inform management recommendations and models of care for this high risk group, from which more definitive guidelines can be developed. MJA 18 May 2022

Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
This network meta-analysis extends knowledge beyond confirming the substantial benefits with the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes and death by adding information on finerenone and tirzepatide. These findings highlight the need for continuous assessment of scientific progress to introduce cutting edge updates in clinical practice guidelines for people with type 2 diabetes. BMJ 6 June 2023

Continuous glucose monitoring for adults and children with diabetes: summary of updated NICE guidance
What you need to know

  • The guideline update recommends real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM to a broader group of people than in previous recommendations, offering all people with type 1 diabetes access to this technology
  • New recommendations for intermittently scanned CGM have been made aimed at a defined group of adults with type 2 diabetes who use insulin to manage their diabetes, particularly those who have recurrent or severe hypoglycaemia, impaired hypoglycaemia awareness, or a condition or disability that means they cannot self monitor their blood glucose levels and require input from carers
  • The new guidance from NICE is likely to challenge short term funding from providers for glucose sensors, but cost effectiveness analyses within the guidance suggest that there are long term benefits to be gained from sensor use for patients with diabetes

BMJ 26 October 2022

Type 2 diabetes: summary of updated NICE guidance
What you need to know

  • When assessing or reviewing adults with type 2 diabetes, include an assessment of the person’s cardiovascular status and cardiovascular risk
  • Assess the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes aged <40 years, instead of 10-year cardiovascular risk
  • Offer adults with type 2 diabetes who have chronic heart failure or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease a sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with proven cardiovascular benefit
  • Consider an SGLT2 inhibitor in adults with type 2 diabetes who have do not have chronic heart failure or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but who have an increased cardiovascular risk
  • If an SGLT2 inhibitor is indicated and no glucose lowering drugs are already being taken, it should be prescribed in combination with metformin as soon as metformin tolerability is confirmed
  • Check and address modifiable risks for diabetic ketoacidosis before starting treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor

BMJ 18 May 2023

Once-weekly Insulin Icodec vs Once-daily Insulin Degludec in adults with Insulin-naive Type 2 Diabetes : The ONWARDS 3 randomized clinical trial
Among people with insulin-naive type 2 diabetes, once-weekly icodec demonstrated superior HbA1c reduction to once-daily degludec after 26 weeks of treatment, with no difference in weight change and a higher rate of combined level 2 or 3 hypoglycemic events in the context of less than 1 event per patient-year exposure in both groups. JAMA 24 June 2023

Weekly Icodec versus daily Glargine U100 in Type 2 Diabetes without previous Insulin
Glycemic control was significantly better with once-weekly insulin icodec than with once-daily insulin glargine U100. NEJM 24 June 2023

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E-books

This is just a sample of the e-books the library subscribes to – you will need your library login

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E-Journals

This is just a sample of the journals the library subscribes to – you will need your library login